The Crusades (I—IV):
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This 5 page paper reveals that the crusades greatly impacted the growth of Western Civilization through increased contact with the East, the opening up of new trade markets, the Arab influence on styles and customs, and changes in military practice. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BBcrus.doc.

Humanism & The Italian Renaissance / Development Of Late Medieval
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A 5 page paper that provides and overview of humanism during the Italian Renaissnace and considers the impacts on social constructs, religion and medieval thought. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Humitaly.wps

Humanism in the Italian Renaissance / Two Viewpoints
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A 6 page analysis of two books on this topic--Garin's Italian Humanism; Philosophy and Civic Life in the Renaissance and Baron's The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican Liberty in the Age of Classicism and Tyranny. The writer demonstrates how the strengths and weakness of the two scholarly works are complementary and argues that studying them both gives a good overview of this topic. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Humren.wps

The Role Of Women & Non-Elites In Renaissance Italy
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A 5 page paper that considers the role of women and non-elites in Renaissance Italy and outlines the elements of the Italian court. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Italian
Filename: Italian.renaissance.doc

Judaism vs. Catholicism / Before The Inquisition
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An 8 page paper that posits that antisemitism was built slowly over the first millenia C.E., and that prior to the Inquisition, the theology of Judaism and Catholicism followed the same general path, meeting the same intents for the two religions. The paper shows that although the intent was the same and the timing of interpretations followed similar paths, the philosophies behind the two religions were different from the beginning. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Judocath.wps

High Medieval Neoplatonism
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4 pages in which Neoplatonism is defined, compared to today's New Age Movement, and discussed in terms of the move during the beginnings of the Italian Renaissance away from Aristotelian philosophy and toward that of Plato. Discusses the debate between Islamic philosophers Avicenna and al-Ghazali, and the resistance of Catholic leaders to accept the doctrine when at the same time they were relying on some of its tenets.
Filename: Icon.wps

Christianity And Medieval Civilization
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A 6 page paper tracing three specific Christian precepts through the Confessions of St. Augustine, Beowulf, the Song of Roland, and Dante's Divine Comedy. The paper suggests that cultures which were not obsessed with warfare and self-defense fared better at incorporating Christian tenets into their behavioral patterns. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Chriciv.wps

"The Ties That Bound" by Barbara Hanawalt
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An 8 page paper which discusses the book "The Ties That Bound" by Barbara Hanawalt. The paper, among other things, discusses how people operated during medieval times in England, and how Hanawalt seemed to uncover the information provided. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAhanawalt.wps

"William Marshall: The Flower of Chivalry": Chivalry
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A 5 page paper which discusses the book "William Marshall: The Flower of Chivalry" by Georges Duby as it involves the idea of chivalry. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAchivalry.wps

2 views/Biographies of Charlemagne
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A 5 page book review that looks two biographies of Charlemagne. These two biographies were written by men roughly contemporary with Charlemagne's rule. One was penned by Einhard between 829 and 836 A.D., the Vita Caroli. The other was written by Notker the Stammerer (who is considered synonymous with the Monk of Saint Gall) between 884 and 887 for the Emperor Charles the Fat, Charlemagne's epileptic great-grandson. Both of these biographies have been translated by Lewis Thorpe and combined into one volume, Two Lives of Charlemagne. The writer discusses the aspects of Charlemagne that these biographers considered noteworthy. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khgrchar.wps